UNHCR has published a study on the assessment of existing referral pathways for forcibly displaced and stateless people who have experienced gender-based violence (GBV), including sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA), in Estonia.
Commissioned by the UNHCR Representation for the Nordic and Baltic Countries, the research examined the accessibility, coordination, and effectiveness of support services. It identified key barriers such as language difficulties, cultural misunderstandings, distrust of authorities, and limited awareness of rights. According to the study, although referral pathways exist, their impact is reduced by fragmentation and weak inter-agency cooperation.
The research recommends improving multilingual access, ensuring survivor-centered and trauma-informed support, strengthening institutional collaboration, and implementing targeted awareness-raising and monitoring measures.
The full report is available here.